The following strategic focus areas have been identified to overcome the challenges and constraints facing the VTC sector in Bomet County.

Governance and Management

Good management can take an organization to greater heights despite challenges by ensuring prudent use of resources. The functionality of any training institution mainly depends on the governance and management structures. It is of critical importance that such structures promote cohesion, nurture accountability and provide visionary leadership necessary to create a conducive learning environment. The County Government Bomet recognizes the need for stakeholder involvement in the governance of VTCs.

The structure of governance and management in VTCs should therefore aim to encourage cooperation and collaboration of all stakeholders for effective representation and participation; and enhance democracy, ownership, transparency and accountability, including decentralization and mobilization of local resources. In this regard, the County Government of Bomet, the national government, the community, and the private sector should be fully involved in developing vocational training centres in the spirit of tripartite governance.

Vocational Training Centres should be mainstreamed into the County education structures to enhance integration, vertical and horizontal mobility, participation and life-long learning.

To address the governance and management structures within the vocational training centres, the County Government of Bomet should facilitate the following:

• Establishment of a mechanism for consultation, dialogue and coordination of various stakeholders in the VTC sector.
• Application of principles of good governance and credible reputation with VTC stakeholders.
• Adoption and implementation of the National government particularly TVETA criterion for the appointment of Board of Governors.

To implement these, the County Government of Bomet should apply the following strategies:

• Incorporate vocational training centres as semi-autonomous corporate bodies with the power to own, dispose of property, sue and be sued in the corporate name.
• Apply for licensing and registration of vocational training centres following the provisions of the TVETA regulations and other relevant legislation.
• Establish a County Vocational Training Centres Board and other necessary mechanisms for the effective participation of stakeholders in the development, management and coordination of education and training services in the sector.
• The County Executive Committee Member for the time being in charge of Vocational Training shall develop rules and regulations for nomination, the appointment of BOGs and shall appoint Boards of Governors with appropriate stakeholders’ representation.
• Ensure that all persons appointed to the Boards of Governors of VTCs shall be suitably qualified and experienced in education and public affairs or industry, commerce, finance, professional practice and be persons of high integrity as stipulated in the rules and regulations for the appointment of BOMs.
• Ensure management BOGs promote dialogue and participation of staff and students to improve democratic governance.
• Ensure BOGs periodically develop strategic plans, Vocational Centre Integrated Development Plans (VCIDP) and Centre Annual Development Plans (VCADP) with a vision and mission for the Vocational Training Centre.
  

Human Resource Management

Appropriate human resource capacities and competencies to match the envisaged status of vocational training centres are key in policy considerations.  It doesn’t exist at the moment a scheme of service for VTCs technicians, instructors and auxiliary staff.

It is recognized that public image concerns of the vocational training centres are manageable by putting in place mechanisms to address gaps between competencies and the responsibilities of those mandated to provide and manage education and training in the sector.

The need to build the human resource   capacities   and   enhance   competencies   will   be   a   major responsibility of the County Government of Bomet

To ensure human resource development and management for the vocational training centres, the County Government of Bomet should facilitate the following:

• Integration of qualified and competent staff of Vocational Training Centres within the existing legal framework.
• Collaboration with stakeholders and development partners, in human resource development programmes.
• Development of skills upgrading and in-service programmes for instructors, principals and members of the Board of Management.

To implement these, the County Government of Bomet should apply the following strategies:

• Ensure recruitment of competent personnel who possess appropriate professional skills following the laid down government regulation as outlined in the competitive scheme of service and other relevant legislation.
• Develop and implement criteria for the appointment and appropriate deployment of Vocational Training Centres Principals.
• Ensure efficient and cost-effective utilization of instructors by reviewing and establishing appropriate staffing norms.

Curriculum Implementation and Quality Assurance

Vocational training centres programmes are expected to provide training that promotes horizontal and vertical mobility as well as life-long learning. It is also expected to provide market-focused skills that are responsive to a competitive economy. These institutions shall offer training programmes tailored to the needs of appropriate technology, competency-based evaluation training and resources of the community in which they operate.

Thus, these institutions shall provide technical, entrepreneurial, ICT skills to prepare the youth to take responsibility in production as self-employed or create employment at the local level. The programmes shall also foster the participation of youth and adults especially disadvantaged individuals or persons with special needs thus the need for an appropriate and flexible delivery mechanism is important.

The high level of performance and productivity demanded by the competitive economic environment requires close collaboration between training institutions and employers. The new global training demands multi-skilling and competence-based skills.

Skills recognition, assessment and certification are important components of training and skills development. They serve as a check to training providers and testing and certification agencies.

To ensure quality and relevant training VTCs, the County Government of Bomet should facilitate the following:

• Approved curriculum implementation in all VTCs.
• Entrenching entrepreneurship, life skills and ICT programmes in VTCs.
• Comply with the systems of assessment of competencies to promote mobility and linkages for entry and re-entry into the system.
• Encouraging the culture of innovation and creativity in VTCs

To implement these, the County Government of Bomet should apply the following strategies:

• Improving the Vocational Training Centres to enable them to offer training programmes within the mainstream technical education and training system.
• Rationalizing training programmes offered in the VTCs to provide market-responsive training that meets the needs of different target groups and the socio-economic needs of immediate communities.
• Undertaking an audit of the tools, equipment and infrastructure development programme for financing
• Identify suitable courses to respond to labour market needs locally and globally.
• Developing business training programmes to inculcate entrepreneurial culture in the VTCs trainees.
• Engaging Quality Assurance and Standards (QAS) personnel to monitor and evaluate VTCs to ensure compliance with set standards in the Kenya National Qualification Framework (KNQF).
• Ensure all programmes are assessed internally and externally and certified by recognized Assessment and Certification bodies.
• Developing flexible curriculum delivery mechanisms such as part-time, evening, e-learning and holiday programmes to accommodate a variety of learners.

Infrastructure, tools and equipment.

Our VTCs should be able to adequately impart practical skills to their trainees.  Adequate infrastructure, tools and equipment are essential for quality training and a conducive learning environment. The County Government of Bomet should as a matter of priority provide funds for building workshops, Classrooms, offices and buying tools and equipment.

The only way we can save our VTCs from collapsing and compete with other TVET institutions is if our VTCs can produce trainees with enough competencies for the job market, industry and those that the communities need, there will be no shortcut in achieving this without proper hands-on training.

The provision of these facilities and equipment in VTCs has remained a persistent challenge. The condition of the majority of VTCs is deplorable due to lack of electricity, poor access roads and inadequate and unreliable water supply. The obsolete or non-functional tools and equipment jeopardize the quality of training. There is limited budgetary allocation at the moment for developing and upgrading infrastructure and acquiring tools and equipment for Bomet County VTCs.

The planning and development of VTCs shall be following the provisions of the National and County Acts.

To ensure the provision of adequate infrastructure, tools and equipment in VTCs the County Government of Bomet should facilitate the following:

• Acquisition of land ownership documents for vocational training centres.
• Provision of adequate and appropriate infrastructure and equipment in vocational training centres.
• Provision of guidelines for security and insurance for infrastructure, tools and equipment.
• Provide guidelines, implement and encourage the culture of maintenance of infrastructure, tools and equipment.
• Collaboration with other relevant county departments, national government, development partners, private sector, parastatals, and other stakeholders to target VTCs in development programmes such as access roads, rural electrification, and communication and water services.
• Mobilization of resources, rehabilitation and support of the VTCs.
• Promotion of investment and use of alternative sources of energy and appropriate technology.
• Development of appropriate physical infrastructure for students with special needs.
• Provision of recreational, sports and games facilities.

To implement these, the County Government of Bomet should apply the following strategies: –

• Work in partnership with parents, communities, private sector, national government, CDF fund managers and other development partners in the provision of adequate infrastructure, tools and equipment.
• Encourage the VTCs trainees to participate in recreation and sporting activities by organizing sports and games within and outside the county.
• Develop and systematically implement an infrastructure modernization programme to match the changing training needs.
• Develop and implement equipment maintenance and replacement programmes to be responsive to technological change.
• Introduce the use of alternative sources of energy such as solar energy, bio-mass and windmills in Youth Polytechnics
• Collaborate with the relevant government ministry and agencies to ensure that VTCs are targeted in rural electrification programmes.

Financing and Partnership

The financing of education and training at the basic level is a responsibility of the County Government of Bomet and parents. Due to inadequate financial resource allocation, the growth of VTCs has stagnated for a considerable amount of time in the past despite their strategic importance. The situation is further compounded by a lack of guidelines to motivate the private sector to take an active role in supporting the development of VTCs. While there are opportunities to generate extra financial resources through IGAs, the management of the VTCs have not embraced the concept fully. For the sector to grow, the need for adequate financing and budgetary allocation cannot be overemphasized. Similarly, there is a need to promote partnership with private sector and development partners to supplement County Government of Bomet resources.

To ensure adequate financial resources to youth polytechnics, the County Government of Bomet should facilitate the following:

• Provision of annual budgetary allocation in the County budget for the development of the VTC sector.
• Collaboration with national government, parents, communities and sponsors in the financing of appropriate facilities in the sector.
• Establishment of a mechanism for continuous review of fees charged in VTCs.
• Promotion of private sector financing through social partnership and corporate social responsibility.
• Promotion of income-generating activities through expanded training programmes and supply of goods and services.

To implement these, the County Government of Bomet should apply the following strategies:

• Develop a financing plan and mechanism for collaboration with all stakeholders in the sector.
• Systematically and substantially increase County budgetary allocation to the VTC sector.
• Institutionalize and build capacity for prudent financial management to ensure efficient and cost-effective use of resources in Vocational Training Centres.
• Ensure balanced representation of stakeholders, private sector and partners in the governance of the sector.
• Develop guidelines for determining fees chargeable in the VTCs to determine levels of funding.
• Develop guidelines for utilization of funds from income-generating activities and production units.

Information and Communication Technology

ICT influences every sphere of our lives now, the world is an internet of things, and our VTCs should be brought out of the digital darkness to the digital age. The immense benefits that VTCs can draw from a robust ICT infrastructure include integration of ICT to learning and teaching, use of the internet to get learning and teaching materials, the establishment of Digital Learning Centres, Establishment of online learning platforms, integration of flexible and blended learning in VTCs, and promotion of Flexible Skills Development, this will ensure that our VTCs in the long term become centres of lifelong learning opportunities and skills development.

An information and communication technology-literate workforce is the foundation on which Kenya can acquire the status of a middle income and the industrialized economy as envisaged in vision 2030. It is in light of this background that the government has formulated the Information and Communication Technology National Policy which was published in 2006. A national ICT strategy for education and training aimed at guiding the sector in adopting ICTs across all levels of education and training has been developed. The strategies in the policy initiative will when extended to the YPs system ensure that there is an efficient flow of information, management and coordination of training throughout the country.

There are several challenges facing access and use of Information and Communication Technology. These include limited rural electrification; high levels of poverty, high operational costs and abuses associated with information and communication technology equipment and qualified instructors.

To address the above challenges, the County Government of Bomet should facilitate the following:

• Development of a mechanism with stakeholders for introduction of information and communication technology in VTCs.
• Collaboration with stakeholders to invest in ICT in VTCs.
• Integration of ICT education and training into the VTCs programmes.
• Promotion of proper use of ICT as a tool for effective management, communication research and development.
• Promotion of the use of ICT for entrepreneurship development.
• Establishment of community ICT centre in VTCs to spearhead usage of ICT by the community in continuing education.

To implement these, the County Government of Bomet should apply the following strategies:

• Facilitate and fund VTCs to acquire management information systems (MIS)
• Build the capacity of instructors and principals of VTCs to facilitate the use of Information and Communication Technology.
• Create a partnership that will facilitate the use of institutional information and communication technology services by the youth and the communities.
• Involve stakeholders in the improvement of ICT facilities in VTCs relevant to the needs of communities.
• Establish controls at all levels of ICT integration to avoid abuse of VTCs based information and communication technology systems.
• Acquire specialized ICT facilities for learners with special needs.

Collaboration, Networking and Industry Linkages

The revitalization of VTCs to offer quality training will require collaboration and networking. There exists no structured collaboration between VTCs and industry including the informal sector in areas such as transfer of technology, attachment, part-time training and procurement of goods and services.

To address the above challenges, the County Government of Bomet should facilitate the following:

• Promotion of constructive collaboration arrangements with local and international institutions to enhance vertical and horizontal mobility.
• Development of mechanisms for networking with formal and informal sectors of the economy.
• To implement this policy, the following strategies will be applied: –
• Create awareness in VTCs on the benefits of collaboration and networking.
• Create capacity in vocational training centres to enable them to benefit from collaboration and networking with key stakeholders.
• Jointly with key partners develop and implement programmes to foster collaboration and networking with industry and institutions both locally, nationally and internationally.
• Foster representation of key stakeholders in the sector in policy implementation.

Enhancing Access and Equity in VTCS

The total population of Kenya is projected to reach 60 million in 2030 from the current approximate population of 40 million. This necessitates investment and expansion of the wealth and employment creation base through enhanced productivity growth, to provide for the growing population. Kenya’s demographic profile indicates a high percentage of the young population.

The number of young people graduating annually from the secondary school system is increasing at a high rate. According to the national census conducted in 2009, there are over 8 million Kenyans aged between 17 and 24 years who are eligible for training in tertiary institutions.

The cost of university education and TVET is increasing and requires substantial investments with a high impact on the government budget and out of reach to most households.

There exist social and geographical inequalities in access to VTC training services which is worsened by the high poverty levels. There are also issues raised about the quality and relevance of tertiary education.

The County Government of Bomet should recognize that the education and training of all Bomet Residents are fundamental to the success of the county’s development plans. To realize the county development goals, relevant and quality education and training is required to meet the human development needs of a rapidly changing and more diverse economy. A major challenge remains in ensuring and enhancing access and equity in education and training standards.

Despite the progress made over the last years in enhancing access, retention, quality, completion rates and gender parity in education and training, the VTC sector continues to face many challenges. These include an insufficient number of trainers with pedagogical competency, limited availability of customized teaching and learning materials, limited industry participation and inadequate research support services.

Other challenges include negative perception of VTCs, low enrolment for females in Science Engineering and Technology SET courses and an unfriendly environment for people with special needs. Furthermore, there is uncoordinated admission of students to VTCs. There is also low enrolment in VTCs due to the high cost of technical training and lack of awareness. The result is that most trainees end up in cheap alternative programmes whose graduates do not acquire the requisite skills necessary for the world of work.

The social fabric is increasingly becoming weak hence increasing involvement in crime, sexual, drug and subsistence abuse by the youth.

To address the above challenges, the County Government of Bomet should facilitate the following:

• Conduct a baseline survey on the status of VTCs in the county.
• Revitalize at least one VTC in each sub-county as a centre of excellence
• Expand VTCs facilities targeting county priority sectors;
• Provide VTC training to persons with special needs.
• Provide VTC training while ensuring affirmative action to vulnerable groups, gender, hard to reach minority and marginalized groups;
• Operationalize the gender policy for enhancing gender parity and meeting the needs of vulnerable groups.
• Enhance participation of women in TVET and gender mainstreaming through affirmative action;
• Provide career guidance and placement services to support students in career planning and guidance;
• Integrate aspects of Vocational Education and Training at all levels and;
• Streamline the management of industrial attachment in VTCs.
• Provisions of grants and bursaries to enhance access to VTCs by vulnerable groups and marginalized areas.
• Establishment of guidance and counselling units in VTCs

To implement these, the County Government of Bomet should apply the following strategies:

• Develop criteria for selection of VTCs to be upgraded into Centres of Excellence.
• Ensure that the institutional environment is gender and special needs responsive.
• Sensitize communities to discard socio-cultural practices that hinder the effective participation of girls in technical programmes.
• Allow the re-entry of girls who drop out due to pregnancies or forced early marriage to VTCs.
• Encourage boarding facilities in VTCs.
• Establish financing mechanisms through bursaries and scholarships to poor, disadvantaged, vulnerable groups and persons with special needs.
• Operationalize affirmative action for disadvantaged and vulnerable groups.
• Popularize VTCs programmes to target Beneficiaries.
• Build the capacity of instructors to deliver on emerging issues such as HIV/AIDs, sexual, drug and substance abuse.

Quality and Relevance of Curriculum in VTCS

Quality VTCs programmes guarantee a strong link between skills learnt and the needs of the labour market, by producing graduates with superior employability. Creating flexible pathways at all levels will facilitate the vertical and lateral progression of VTCs trainees as part of lifelong learning for their employability. A deliberate effort should thus be made to ensure that the available flexible pathways provide students with skills that are relevant to the labour market, along with acceptable levels of literacy, numeracy, skills, values and attitudes.

Quality assurance is therefore essential throughout the VTC sector and should be integrated into all parts of the qualification system.

Since 2008, the quality assurance function of VTCs in Kenya has been a function of the Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology through the Directorate of Technical Accreditation and Quality Assurance.

Owing to the fragmented nature of VTCs in Bomet County, the quality of training differs greatly from one VTC to another. There is, therefore, a need to ensure harmonization and coordination of programs, by standardizing the quality and relevance of training in VTCs

There are also challenges to do with quality assurance, curriculum design and delivery, leading to instances of training that does not meet the quality and relevance required. In addition, there has been ineffective coordination and synchronization of the VTC sector. Further, there is inadequate planning data due to weak mechanisms for conducting tracer studies and the absence of a labour market information system to provide data on skill demands.

To address these challenges the County Government of Bomet should facilitate the following:

• Assure quality in VTCs on all aspects of competency-based education and training, skills instruction design, development and delivery;
• Establish a VTC Quality assurance procedure manual to regulate VTCs programmes and assure quality.

To implement these, the County Government of Bomet should apply the following strategies:

• Ensure that Quality Assurance procedure manual is developed and adopted in VTCs quality management system;
• Streamline the management and assessment of industrial attachment process;
• In conjunction with County PSB, Human Resource Department, Review and enforce minimum VTCs trainers’ qualifications including a compulsory industrial attachment for VTCs trainers at least every three years of service;
• Institutionalize quality assurance and accreditation system and monitoring, evaluation, reporting, and inspection in VTCs;
• Establish a Labour Market Information System (LMIS) and other survey instruments for data on the actual employability of TVET graduates in partnership with industry,
• Develop standards to guarantee a minimum quality for VTC training and develop policies, plans and guidelines for the rebranded VTCs;
• license, register and accredit all VTCs according to established quality standards;
• promote quality and relevance in training according to needs within the framework of the overall county and national socio-economic development plans and policies;
• Develop coherent quality indicators for input, process, output and outcome measures linked to objectives to be achieved through VTCs;

Skills Curriculum and Instruction Design and Assessment in VTCS

Quality human resource is an important determinant of sustainable national growth and development. There is, therefore, a need to progressively increase the rate of generation of a high quality skilled human resource with a special focus on developing and upgrading innovation competencies within employment training. There is a weak linkage between basic education, TVET and University curriculum. Most programmes were developed long before the conception of Kenya Vision 2030 and are not well aligned to the vision. VTCs training must meet the demands for innovative and market-driven skills, to enhance productivity and employment. There is also a weak link among universities, research institutions, industry and curriculum developers leading to a mismatch of skills learnt and industry demands.

The present skills development system in Kenya follows a curriculum-based, time-bound approach rather than a demand-driven approach though this is now changing towards a CBET based training. The majority of courses are designed, delivered and assessed on a centralized standard curriculum. For these courses, certification is based on the completion of courses and passing examinations rather than the demonstration of competency. However, some authorized institutions are running decentralized programmes.

Although there are many service providers of curriculum development and assessment within the tertiary VTC level, the reform to competency-based assessment and training will require specialized institutions and coordination. This scenario requires a reform of curriculum development and assessment, to allow for multiple providers of curriculum, examinations, assessment and training services to ensure global competitiveness.

Most VTCs in Bomet County tend not to specialize in training for a particular economic sector, but offer a range of generic courses, which do not always correspond to the diversity of actual economic activities and skills gaps existing in the immediate communities. The training is generally not geared towards self-employment as testing mainly evaluates the cognitive domain with minimal emphasis on the affective and psychomotor domains. VTCs programmes need to be market-driven and address the needs of the workplace as well as promote self-employment. Infrastructure and equipment in VTCs need to be improved to correspond with the rapid technological changes. There is low adoption of ICT in VTCs by technicians, trainers, and principals.

There is a need for diversification of training and vertical articulation of curricula across all levels to support flexible progression pathways. The flexible pathways should be designed to facilitate the accumulation, recognition and transfer of individual learning. This can be achieved through transparent, well-articulated outcome-based qualifications systems. The systems should offer reliable measures for assessment, recognition and validation of qualifications nationally and at the international level; exchange of information and development of trust and partnerships among all stakeholders.

To address these challenges the County Government of Bomet should facilitate the following:

• Reform curricula in line with relevant provisions of the Constitution 2010, County’s CIDP, aspirations of Kenya Vision 2030, the East African Community Treaty, international standards and the needs of the society;
• Ensure that all courses in VTCs are competency-based, market-driven and address the needs of the workplace as well as promote employability, soft, generic and life skills in partnership with the private sector and professional bodies;

To implement these, the County Government of Bomet should apply the following strategies:

• Initiate and mainstream competency-based training to enable VTCs graduates to acquire skills, knowledge and right attitudes to perform jobs to the required standard in collaboration with industry;
• Adopt a framework for reforming VTCs to shift from time-bound, curriculum-based training to flexible, competency-based training; and supply–led to demand-driven training;
• Develop the capacity of trainers to integrate and use ICT in curriculum design, delivery and assessment;
• Enhance entrepreneurship and techno-preneurship in all TVET programmes to promote self-reliance;
• Establish a framework for VTCs trainees and trainers to be attached in the industry to gain hands-on-skills and;
• Ensure the curriculum offered in Bomet County VTCs is globally competitive by linking it with the Kenya National Qualification Framework (KNQF)

Centres of Excellence

Starting from 2018, the County Government of Bomet set to establish Centres of Excellence in every sub-county, specializing in certain selected disciplines. However, the existing programmes of excellence in these centres need reviewing to link them to county and national development priority areas, as identified in the vision 2030.

The centres will be improved to meet the needs of modern lifestyles of a knowledge-based and greening society, which demands institutions to pursue and sustain global competitiveness. Under this program, a centre of excellence will be conceptualized as an institution with sufficient capacity and a track record of providing excellent workers for an identified industry or niche sector. It is therefore important that industry plays a leading role in the recognition of excellence.

The existing centres of excellence have limited capacity to integrate production in training and to collaborate innovatively with the private sector and other institutions, as they lack adequate autonomy to make critical decisions and enter into financial contracts. Further, the establishment of a centre of excellence has tremendous financial implications in attracting high-end human resources and real investment of the required state-of-the-art infrastructure.

To address these challenges the County Government of Bomet should facilitate the following:

• Identify and develop specialized centres of excellence linked and aligned with county and national priority areas for improved multidisciplinary and multi-sectoral knowledge generation and international competitiveness.

To implement these, the County Government of Bomet should apply the following strategies:

• Establish state-of-the-art VTC centres of county importance that can compete at the national and the international level with a priority focus in supporting flagship projects in the areas of textile manufacturing, building construction, ICT, infrastructure and automobile sectors in collaboration with the national government and private sector.
• Develop and implement a standard for identification and recognition of centres of excellence in line with local needs, demands and dominant resources available.
• Establish incubation centres within selected VTCs

Re-Branding VTCS

Currently, the VTC sector is faced with a challenge of negative perception and poor image which has accumulated over time unattended. VTCs training is often seen as the last choice of education and not a preferred option in education and training. High quality, accessible and relevant VTC training is associated with higher status and improved attractiveness of VTCs. The poor image of VTCs can be attributed to a conspiracy of factors related to access, equity, quality and relevance of VTCs. It is common knowledge that this negative perception is caused by lack of specialization in VTCs, lack of clear admission and progression procedures, poor career guidance on VTC training in basic education, inappropriate infrastructure and equipment, weak staff management system, weak curriculum, examination and competence assessment procedures as well as low funding.

To address these challenges the County Government of Bomet should facilitate the following:

• Re-brand TVET to reposition the sector in society and attract the best students into the sector and ensure the utmost contribution to the economy
• To implement these, the County Government of Bomet should apply the following strategies:
• Develop and implement a re-branding strategy for VTCs within a five years plan;
• Enhance the VTCs image by improving programs, advertisement and infrastructure, advocacy and publicity campaigns;
• Refurbish infrastructure, improve the learning environment and change the image of VTCs;
• Integrate role modelling and mentoring in the VTC sector;
• Integrate Pro‐Active Job‐Skill Matching by seeking business opportunities and jobs through domestic and international labour market intelligence;
• Widening industry partnerships to provide the students with an authentic learning environment and exposure to real‐life industry projects and applications;
• Develop new products and engage VTCs trainees in programmes and projects of county importance;
• Promote the use of VTCs research outputs in county development through adaptation and diffusion of technology in production systems and processes;
• Promote excellence and creativity in science, engineering and technology components in VTCs;
• Enhance training specialization in VTC training in line with market demands and national aspirations;
• Increase employability of VTCs graduates by aligning curriculum with market demands;
• Promote research and patenting of innovations in VTCs;
• Expand the scope of innovation within VTCs.
• Provide incentives and rewards to attract gifted and talented students in VTCs